Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Blood Cell-Derived Microvesicles in Hematological Diseases and beyond

doi: 10.3390/biom12060803

Figure Lengend Snippet: White blood cell- derived microvesicles’ source, detection methods, immunophenotypic characteristics, function, and association with diseases progression/initiation/prognosis or potential utility as disease biomarkers.

Article Snippet: Apoptotic Lymphocyte-derived MVs (aLMVs) , Apoptotic human lymphoid CEM T cell line (cell cultures) , Differential centrifugation/Flow Cytometry , CD44 + aLMVs accumulation , Inhibition of dendritic cells function , HIV-1 , Promising therapeutic targets , [ ] .

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Isolation, Centrifugation, Cytometry, Activation Assay, Protein-Protein interactions, Clinical Proteomics, Biomarker Discovery, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Inhibition, Immunostaining, Activity Assay, Western Blot, Marker, Expressing

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Blood Cell-Derived Microvesicles in Hematological Diseases and beyond

doi: 10.3390/biom12060803

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunophenotyping characteristics of blood cell-derived microvesicles. (1) RMVs characterized by the cell-specific marker CD235. PS acts as an “eat-me” signal and prothrombotic marker. The presence of human argonaute 1-micro ribonucleic acid antigen in MVs has been shown to be associated with innate resistance of RBCs to malaria infection, whereas TER-119 antigen has a cardioprotective effect. (2) PMVs are recognized by the platelet-specific markers, CD41 and CD61. They exert their hemostatic dynamics through their PS exposure and TF expression which can initiate the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Interleukin 1 beta and caspase-1 presence in PMVs can induce vasoocclusion is sickle cell disease whereas GPIb, GPIIb/IIIa, GPIX, and CD9 have been associated with calcification on acute coronary syndrome and constitute independent predictors for thrombotic and atherothrombotic events. (3) CD3, CD19, and CD11a levels on LMVs show strong correlation with inflammatory diseases (e.g., inflammatory autoimmune polymyositis/dermatomyositis) and are accumulated in the lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques of familial hypercholesterolaemia patients. A range of ambiguous effects have been also proposed for LMVs on vascular homeostasis (CD11a) and neovascularization (sonic hedgehog protein). (4) aLMVs express CD44, Fas-L, CD11a, PS, and TF playing an important role on dendritic cells function, endothelial function impairment, vascular hyporeactivity induction, and in blood hemostasis. (5) Monocyte-derived MVs (MoMVs) have procoagulant activity via expression of the procoagulant proteins (TF and thrombomodulin) and PS on their surface. Moreover, MoMVs expressing CD14, CD18, and PS impact on endothelial cell dysfunction or damage (6) Neutrophil-derived microvesicles (NMVs) exposing PS on their outer membrane leaflet have been shown to activate the classic pathway of complement--. NMVs expressing active CD11b/CD18 integrin molecule, trigger platelet activation. miR-155 enriched NMVs induce cytokine release and MPO positive NMVs promote endothelial cells damage and vascular dysfunction. (7) Natural-killer-derived MVs (NKMVs) carry internal and surface molecules (e.g., perforin, granzymes, granulysin, CD40L, and miRNAs associated with anti-tumor activity) that can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of tumor cell lines. RMVs , Red blood cell-derived microvesicles; MoMVs, Monocyte-derived microvesicles; PMVs , Platelet-derived microvesicles; NMVs , Neutrophil-derived microvesicles; LMVs , Lymphocyte-derived microvesicles; NKMVs , Natural Killer-derived microvesicles; aLMVs , Apoptotic Lymphocyte-derived microvesicles; CD235 , glycophorin-A, PS ; phosphatidylserine; TER-119 , TER-119 antigen; CD14 , lipopolysaccharide receptor; TF , Tissue factor; hAgo2-miRNA , Human argonaute 1- micro Ribonucleic acid (RNA); CD11b , Macrophage-1 antigen; CD18 , Integrin beta chain-2; CD41 , Integrin alpha chain 2b; IL-1β , Interleukin 1 beta; GPIIb/IIIa , Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa; CD9 , a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily; GPIX , Glycoprotein IX; GPIb , Glycoprotein Ib; miR-155 , microRNA-155; CD66b , Glycosylphosphatidylinisotol (GPI)-anchored, highly glycosylated protein belonging to the carcinoembryonic Ag supergene family; MPO , Myeloperoxidase; CD3 , T-cell surface antigen; CD19 , B-lymphocyte antigen; CD45 , Leukocyte common antigen; CD11a , integrin alpha L chain; CD52 , CAMPATH-1 antigen; miRNA , microRNA; CD44 , Homing cell adhesion molecule (HCAM); CD56 , Neural cell adhesion molecule; CD16 , FcγRIII.

Article Snippet: Apoptotic Lymphocyte-derived MVs (aLMVs) , Apoptotic human lymphoid CEM T cell line (cell cultures) , Differential centrifugation/Flow Cytometry , CD44 + aLMVs accumulation , Inhibition of dendritic cells function , HIV-1 , Promising therapeutic targets , [ ] .

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Marker, Infection, Expressing, Coagulation, Activity Assay, Membrane, Activation Assay